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采用分离技术,建立了测定注射用头孢孟多酯钠中碳酸钠的方法。筛选了溶解溶剂,考察了样品预处理时干燥温度、干燥时间及真空度对测定结果的影响,并进行了优化。样品在110℃、14kPa绝对真空度条件下减压干燥4小时后,用二甲亚砜超声溶解,过滤,水溶解滤渣,用盐酸滴定,实现了碳酸钠的准确测定。在80%、100%、120%三个添加水平下,碳酸钠的加标回收率在96.0%~96.8%之间,相对标准偏差为0.4%;日内精密度和日间精密度的相对标准偏差分别为0.6%和0.8%。实际样品分析结果表明,该方法简单、快速、准确,可用于注射用头孢孟多酯钠中碳酸钠含量的测定。
Separation technique was used to establish a new method to measure content of sodium carbonate in cefamandole nafate for injection. The solvent for dissolution was optimized, and the influences of drying temperature, drying time and vacuum degree on the results were explored. After drying at absolute vacuum (110°C, 14 kPa) for 4 h, the sample was dissolved in Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by ultrasonication, and filtered. Then, the filtered residue was further dissolved in water, and titrated using HCl, which accurately measured the content of sodium carbonate. Under addition levels of 80%, 100% and 120%, the spiked recovery rate of sodium carbonate was between 96.0% and 96.8% with relative standard deviation (RSD) 0.4%. The RSDs of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 0.6% and 0.8%, respectively. The results indicate that the method is simple, fast and accurate, which can be used to measure the content of sodium carbonate in cefamandole nafate for injection.
A sSeparation technique was used to establish a new method to measure content the of sodium carbonate content in cefamandole nafate for injection. The solvent for dissolution was optimized, and the influences of drying temperature, drying time, and vacuum degree strength on the results were explored. After drying at absolute vacuum (110°C, 14 kPa) for 4 h, the sample was dissolved in dDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by ultrasonication , and filtered. Then, the The filtered residue was then further dissolved in water , and titrated using HCl, which accurately measured the content of sodium carbonate. Under At addition levels of 80%, 100%, and 120% addition levels, the spiked recovery rate of sodium carbonate was between 96.0% and 96.8% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) 0.4%. The RSDs of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 0.6% and 0.8%, respectively. The results indicate suggest that the method is simple, fast, and accurate, which can be used to measure the content of sodium carbonate in cefamandole nafate for injection.
A sSeparation technique was used to establish a new method to measure content the of sodium carbonate content in cefamandole nafate for injection. The solvent for dissolution was optimized, and the influences of drying temperature, drying time, and vacuum degree strength on the results were explored. After drying at absolute vacuum (110°C, 14 kPa) for 4 h, the sample was dissolved in dDimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by ultrasonication , and filtered. Then, the The filtered residue was then further dissolved in water , and titrated using HCl, which accurately measured the content of sodium carbonate. Under At addition levels of 80%, 100%, and 120% addition levels, the spiked recovery rate of the spiked sodium carbonate was between 96.0-% and 96.8% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) 0.4%. The RSDs of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 0.6% and 0.8%, respectively. The results indicate suggest that the method is simple, fast, and accurate, which can be used to measure the content of sodium carbonate in cefamandole nafate for injection.
A separation technique was used to establish a new method to measure the sodium carbonate content in cefamandole nafate for injection. The solvent for dissolution was optimized, and the influence of drying temperature, drying time, and vacuum strength were explored. After drying at absolute vacuum (110°C, 14 kPa) for 4 h, the sample was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) by ultrasonication and filtered. The filtered residue was then further dissolved in water and titrated using HCl, which accurately measured the content of sodium carbonate. At 80%, 100%, and 120% addition levels, the recovery of the spiked sodium carbonate was 96.0–96.8% with a relative standard deviation (RSD) 0.4%. The RSDs of intra-day precision and inter-day precision were 0.6% and 0.8%, respectively. The results suggest that the method is simple, fast, and accurate, which can be used to measure sodium carbonate in cefamandole nafate for injection.
从历史的角度来看,当整个社会的产能不足的时候,竞争的压力大多集中的需求方,人类往往通过战争这种方式来进行资源的再次分配。当整个社会的产能过剩的时候,竞争的压力就从需求方转移到供给方了,供给方的竞争也就是我们今天所说的公司与公司之间的竞争。
竞争从需求方转移到供给方的过程就是我们所说的风口期。在风口期,由于市场需求没有得到满足,公司最主要的职责就是生产出合格的产品,在这个时期企业的扩张是没有上限的,全力的扩张往往能够形成很大规模的公司。
当风口期过了以后,也就是开始出现产能过剩的时候,公司就不得不面临一个问题:如何让消费者选择我而不是我的对手?公司运营的载体是品牌,公司之间的竞争就是品牌之间的竞争。
From a historical perspective, when the production capacity of an entire society is insufficient, most of the pressure for competition is concentrated on the demand side, and mankind often redistributes resources through warfare. When there is excess production capacity for an entire society, the pressure for competition shifts from the demand side to the supply side. Supply-side competition is what is called today competition between companies.
The process of shifting competition from the demand side to the supply side is what we call the "venting period." During the venting period, because market demand has not been met, the main responsibility of companies is to produce qualified products. There is no upper limit to the expansion of the industry during this period. All-out expansion can often lead to the formation of very large-scale companies.
When the venting period is over, then production capacity surpluses begin to emerge, and companies must answer the question: "How do I get consumers to choose me over my competitors? The vehicle through which a company operates is its brand. Competition between companies is actually competition between brands.
From an historical perspective, when the production capacity of an entire society is insufficient, most of the competitive pressure for competition is concentrated on the demand side, and. At this point, mankind often redistributes redistribution of resources tends to occur through warfare. When there is excess production capacity for an entire society, the competitive pressure for competition shifts from the demand side to the supply side. Supply-side competition is what is called todaymanifests itself in competition between companies.
The process of shifting competition from the demand side to the supply side is what we call termed the "venting period." During the venting period, because market demand has not been met, the main responsibility of companies is to produce qualified products. There is no upper limit to the expansion of the an industry during this periodtime. All-out expansion can often lead to the formation of very large-scale companies.
When the venting period is over, then production capacity surpluses begin to emerge, and c. Companies must answer the question: , "How do I get consumers to choose me my products over my competitors’ products? The vehicle through which a company operates is its brand. Competition between companies is actually tantamount to competition between brands.
From an historical perspective, when the production capacity of an entire society is insufficient, most of the competitive pressure for competition is concentrated on the demand side, and. At this point, mankind often redistributes redistribution of resources tends to occur through warfare. When there is excess production capacity for an entire society, the competitive pressure for competition shifts from the demand side to the supply side. Supply-side competition is what is called todaymanifests itself in competition between companies.
The process of shifting competition from the demand side to the supply side is what we call termed the "venting period." During the venting period, because market demand has not been met, the main responsibility of companies is to produce qualified products. There is no upper limit to the expansion of the an industry during this periodtime. All-out expansion can often lead to the formation of very large-scale companies.
When the venting period is over, then production capacity surpluses begin to emerge, and c. Companies must answer the question: , "How do I get consumers to choose me my products over my competitors’ products?" The vehicle through which a company operates is its brand. Competition between companies is actually tantamount to competition between brands.
From a historical perspective, when the production capacity of an entire society is insufficient, most of the competitive pressure is concentrated on the demand side. At this point, redistribution of resources tends to occur through warfare. When there is excess production capacity for an entire society, the competitive pressure shifts from the demand side to the supply side. Supply-side competition manifests itself in competition between companies.
The process of shifting competition from the demand side to the supply side is termed the "venting period." During the venting period, because market demand has not been met, the main responsibility of companies is to produce qualified products. There is no upper limit to the expansion of an industry during this time. All-out expansion can often lead to the formation of very large-scale companies.
When the venting period is over, production surpluses begin to emerge. Companies must answer the question, "How do I get consumers to choose my products over my competitors’ products?" The vehicle through which a company operates is its brand. Competition between companies is tantamount to competition between brands.
刘晟
重庆市食品药品检验检测研究院